A prospective study of role of doppler in pregnancy and the perinatal outcome

Background: The development of doppler ultrasonographic technology has provided an opportunity to obtain a qualitative and quantitative assessment of maternal and foetal circulation using a non-invasive method. It has been proved by many studies that doppler has a very important role in screening of high-risk pregnancies. Objective of this study was to evaluate the role of colour doppler study in normal and high-risk pregnancy in relation to perinatal outcome.Methods: A prospective study was done including 75 women with high risk pregnancy and 75 normal pregnant women during the period October 2018 to September 2019 in hospitals attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute. Doppler examination was done after recording patients’ history, clinical examination and ultrasound. Results were analysed and conclusions were made.Results: Out of the 22 patients with PIH, 20 patients had abnormal umbilical artery S/D ratio and all 22 had abnormal MCA PI. Out of 12 patients with diabetes, 10 had abnormal umbilical artery S/D ratio. All the patients with IUGR had abnormal umbilical artery S/D ratio and abnormal MCA PI.Conclusions: Colour doppler flow velocimetry done repeatedly can predict adverse foetal events with a great degree of accuracy.

First and second trimester bleeding and pregnancy outcome: a prospective study in a tertiary government hospital

Background: Bleeding in first and second trimester of pregnancy is one of the common complications of pregnancy. there is evidence from various prospective and retrospective studies that first and second trimester vaginal bleeding which continue with pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, including preterm delivery, low birth weight babies, perinatal death and congenital anomalies. Objective of this study was to know the outcome of pregnancies who have bleeding in first and second trimester of pregnancy.Methods: This study was prospective study done in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Vanivilas Hospital, Bangalore from September 2018 to August 2019.Results: This study concludes that I trimester vaginal bleeding are at increased risk of abortion than in II trimester vaginal bleeding. Risk of placenta previa was more in II trimester vaginal bleeding than in I trimester vaginal bleeding.Conclusions: This study concludes that I trimester vaginal bleeding are at increased risk of abortion than in II trimester vaginal bleeding. Risk of placenta previa was more in II trimester vaginal bleeding than in I trimester vaginal bleeding. Bleeding in I trimester and II trimester call for special attention in view of increased risk of preterm birth and perinatal death. Recognition of these association will be useful for detection and follow up of pregnancies being at high risk.

A prospective study of thyroid dysfunction in dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Background: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is abnormal uterine bleeding in the absence of any palpable pelvic pathology and demonstrable extra genital causes. Thyroid dysfunction is the systemic disease most often associated with abnormal uterine bleeding. Aim was to evaluate thyroid function test in women with DUB; to assess bleeding pattern in thyroid dysfunction.Methods: Prospective observational study was done in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Vanivilas hospital, Bangalore from august 2018 to July 2019. Pre structured and predesigned proforma filled. All routine blood investigations including serum T3, T4, TSH, USG were advised. These patients were categorized as euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, hypothyroid or hyperthyroid based on thyroid profile.Results: 0.5% belonged to the age group of 31-40 years, prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is 11%, there were 5.5% of cases of hypothyroidism and 1.5% case of hyperthyroidism.Conclusions: Thyroid screening must be done mandatory for all the cases of DUB and prompt response to treatment with thyroxine would avoid unnecessary surgeries, hormonal treatment, and associated comorbities.

Synchronous double malignancy of lip and submandibular salivary gland with rare histology

In the modern era, there is an increase in the incidence of double malignancies owing to the remarkable improvement in cancer diagnostics and patient survival. Double malignancies can be either synchronous or metachronous. Synchronous double malignancy can present either at the same time or within 6 months of diagnosis of the first one. We present a case of double malignancy of lip and submandibular salivary gland, diagnosed in a 55-year-old male, who presented with ulceroproliferative lesion of the upper lip and a hard swelling in the right submandibular gland. The tissue diagnosis was suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the submandibular gland. The patient underwent successful wide local excision of the lip and submandibular gland along with prophylactic supraomohyoid neck dissection. This case is reported for the rarity in site and histopathology of double malignancy

Serum enzymes in cerebrovascular accident

Background: Brain is a rich source of a variety of enzymes and any injury like stroke to brain tissue could similarly result in an increase in activity of these enzymes in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. It was in this context that the present study was done to assess the levels of enzymes like aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and Isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) in serum. Evaluation of enzyme levels in serum has involved keen interest as a simple, economical, reliable and easily available method for the evaluation of severity, course, prognosis, and to some extent in the differential diagnosis of various types of cerebrovascular accidents. Aim: To study the serum enzymes in cerebrovascular accidents. Materials and methods: The present study was done in Fathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa, by taking 50 of samples and 30 are controls. Creatine Kinase (Total), Creatine Kinase-MB, Aspartate Transaminase, lipid profile, Fasting Blood Sugar were estimated in patients and control group also. Results: The biochemical parameters studied were fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, HDL, SGOT, CPK and CPK-MB. Serum CPK was grossly elevated in patients with stroke compared to controls which is statistically significant (P Value < 0.001). Conclusion: In the present study, all the parameters were elevated, for better understanding of serum enzymes in cerebrovascular accidents further investigations are needed

Studies on antimicrobial activity of tephrosiacalophylla against xanthomonas citri and salmonella typhimurium.

Tephrosia calophylla is an undershrub having very rich medicinal value. Preliminary photochemical screening revealed that the plant contains the secondary metabolites like flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides in high amounts. Tephrosia calophylla plant showed very good anti microbial activity against the Xanthomonas citri and Salmonella typhimurium in different solvents ; ethanol ,methanol, chloroform, water and hexane.

Studies on antimicrobial activity of boswellia ovalifoliolata against xanthomonas – citri and salmonella typhynurium.

Boswellia ovalifoliolata is an endemic and endangered plant species. It has very rich medicinal value. Preliminary phytochemical screening yielded so many important secondary metabolites in different solvents like Ethanol, Methanol, Chloroform, water and Hexane. The antimicrobial activity of stem, stem bark and leaf extracts of Boswellia ovalifoliolata were studied against Salmonella typhimurium and Xanthomonas citri by Agar well diffusion method. Ethanolic extract of stem bark, chloroform extract of leaf and chloroform, hexane extracts of stem showed highest antimicrobial activity against X.citri . Hexane extract of stem, water extract of stem bark and chloroform extract of leaf showed highest antimicrobial activity against S. typhinurium.

Uncommon Peritoneal Anomaly of Spleen Associated with the Unusual Relationship of Spleen with the Left Lobe of the Liver

Though congenital anomalies of the spleen are quite common, the peritoneal anomalies of the spleen are very rare. In the present case, we observed two unusual phrenico-splenic ligaments connecting the spleen to the diaphragm. Apart from this, the left lobe of the liver was elongated and was related to the diaphragmatic surface of the spleen. The splenic artery had a straight course to the spleen, indicating the possible restricted movements of the spleen. Knowledge of such unusual relation of spleen is essentially important for the surgeons as the elongated left lobe of the liver might get ruptured in addition to the spleen in the fractures of the left 9th, 10th and 11th ribs. Awareness of the straight course of the splenic artery is also of importance to Radiologists performing arterial splenoportography.

Sub-Brachialis Course of the Median Nerve in the Arm and its Possible Clinical Complications: A Case Report

The median nerve in its normal course in the arm crosses the brachial artery from lateral to medial side. It then passes superficial to the brachialis muscle and then enters the cubital fossa. During routine cadaveric dissection of the right upper limb, an unusual variation in the course of the median nerve was observed. The median nerve in the arm crossed the brachial artery from medial to lateral side and passed deep to the brachialis muscle. It then emerged from beneath the brachialis muscle and entered the cubital fossa. In the cubital fossa, it ran medial to the brachial artery as the normal course of the nerve. Further distribution of median nerve in the forearm and hand was observed to be normal. The anomaly reported here may result in the compression of the median nerve deep to the brachialis and hence resulting in mechanical disadvantages in the flexion at the wrist joint.